将.NET Core 微服务和 Kubernetes 、 NGINX、Docker进行部署集成

概述：在本文中，我们将讨论 Ingress 的基础知识和用例。此外，借助 .NET Core 8 Web API、Docker、Kubernetes 和 Ingress 逐步实现和配置不同的服务。议程·什么是 NGINX Ingress？·NGINX Ingress 的用例·使用 .NET Core 8 Web API 实现服务·服务容器化和 NGINX 入口配置。先决条件·Visual Studio 2022· .NET Core 8 SDK·Docker 和 Kubernetes什么是 NGINX Ingress？·简单来说，Nginx Ingress 是一种管理传入 Web 应用程序或服务的互

在本文中，我们将讨论 Ingress 的基础知识和用例。此外，借助 .NET Core 8 Web API、Docker、Kubernetes 和 Ingress 逐步实现和配置不同的服务。

议程

·什么是 NGINX Ingress？

·NGINX Ingress 的用例

·使用 .NET Core 8 Web API 实现服务

·服务容器化和 NGINX 入口配置。

先决条件

·Visual Studio 2022

· .NET Core 8 SDK

·Docker 和 Kubernetes

什么是 NGINX Ingress？

·简单来说，Nginx Ingress 是一种管理传入 Web 应用程序或服务的互联网流量的方法。把它想象成你的网络服务器的交通警察。它位于应用程序的前面并引导流量，就像 Web 请求的路由器一样。

·Nginx Ingress 会检查传入的请求，并根据您定义的规则决定将请求发送到何处。这可能意味着根据请求的 URL 或其他条件将请求定向到不同的服务。它还可以处理负载平衡、SSL 终止（解密 HTTPS 流量）以及与管理传入 Web 流量相关的其他任务。

·总体而言，Nginx Ingress 可帮助您高效地管理 Web 流量并将其路由到您的应用程序，从而提高性能、安全性和可扩展性。

NGINX Ingress 的用例

以下是 Ingress 的一些用例

负载平衡：将传入的 Web 流量均匀分布在多个服务器上，以防止过载并确保更好的性能。

路由：根据 URL 或域名等因素将 Web 请求定向到应用程序的不同部分。

SSL 终止：集中管理 HTTPS 加密和解密，以保护 Web 流量，而不会给单个服务器带来负担。

虚拟主机：在同一台服务器上托管多个网站或应用程序，每个网站或应用程序都有自己的域名。

身份验证和授权：在请求到达服务器之前，根据用户凭据或权限控制对应用程序的访问。

速率限制：限制来自单个客户端或 IP 地址的请求数量，以防止滥用或过度使用服务。

**Web 应用防火墙（WAF）：**根据预定义的安全规则检查和过滤传入流量，保护应用免受常见的 Web 安全威胁。

使用 .NET Core 8 Web API 实现服务

产品服务

步骤1：

创建新的 Product 类。

namespace ProductAPI.Models  
{  
    public class Product  
    {  
        public int Id { get; set; }  
        public string Name { get; set; }  
        public decimal Price { get; set; }  
    }  
}

步骤2：

添加具有不同终结点的新产品控制器。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using ProductAPI.Models;

namespace ProductAPI.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]")]
    public class ProductsController : ControllerBase
    {
        private static List<Product> _products = new List<Product>
        {
            new Product { Id = 1, Name = "Product 1", Price = 10.99m },
            new Product { Id = 2, Name = "Product 2", Price = 20.49m }
        };

        private readonly ILogger<ProductsController> _logger;

        public ProductsController(ILogger<ProductsController> logger)
        {
            _logger = logger;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<Product> Get()
        {
            return _products;
        }

        [HttpGet("{id}")]
        public ActionResult<Product> Get(int id)
        {
            var product = _products.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Id == id);
            if (product == null)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }
            return product;
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult<Product> Post(Product product)
        {
            product.Id = _products.Count + 1;
            _products.Add(product);
            return CreatedAtAction(nameof(Get), new { id = product.Id }, product);
        }

        [HttpPut("{id}")]
        public IActionResult Put(int id, Product product)
        {
            var existingProduct = _products.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Id == id);
            if (existingProduct == null)
            {
                return


    
 NotFound();
            }
            existingProduct.Name = product.Name;
            existingProduct.Price = product.Price;
            return NoContent();
        }

        [HttpDelete("{id}")]
        public IActionResult Delete(int id)
        {
            var product = _products.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Id == id);
            if (product == null)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }
            _products.Remove(product);
            return NoContent();
        }
    }
}

步骤3：

在程序类中注册服务和中间件。

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Add services to the container.

builder.Services.AddControllers();
// Learn more about configuring Swagger/OpenAPI at https://aka.ms/aspnetcore/swashbuckle
builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

var app = builder.Build();

// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
app.UseSwagger();
app.UseSwaggerUI();


app.UseHttpsRedirection();

app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllers();

app.Run();

用户服务

步骤1：

创建新的 User 类。

namespace UserAPI.Models  
{  
    public class User  
    {  
        public int Id { get; set; }  
        public string Name { get; set; }  
        public string Email { get; set; }  
    }  
}

步骤2：

添加具有不同终结点的新用户控制器。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using 


    
Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using UserAPI.Models;

namespace UserAPI.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]")]
    public class UsersController : ControllerBase
    {
        private static List<User> _users = new List<User>
        {
            new User { Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Email = "user1@example.com" },
            new User { Id = 2, Name = "User 2", Email = "user2@example.com" }
        };

        private readonly ILogger<UsersController> _logger;

        public UsersController(ILogger<UsersController> logger)
        {
            _logger = logger;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<User> Get()
        {
            return _users;
        }

        [HttpGet("{id}")]
        public ActionResult<User> Get(int id)
        {
            var user = _users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.Id == id);
            if (user == null)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }
            return user;
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult<User> Post(User user)
        {
            user.Id = _users.Count + 1;
            _users.Add(user);
            return CreatedAtAction(nameof(Get), new { id = user.Id }, user);
        }

        [HttpPut("{id}")]
        public IActionResult Put(int id, User user)
        {
            var existingUser = _users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.Id == id);
            if (existingUser == null)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }
            existingUser.Name = user.Name;
            existingUser.Email = user.Email;
            return NoContent();
        }

        [HttpDelete("{id}")]
        public IActionResult Delete(int id)
        {
            var user = _users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.Id == id);
            if (user == null)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }
            _users.Remove(user);
            return NoContent();
        }
    }
}

步骤3：

在程序类中注册服务和中间件。

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);  
  
// Add services to the container.  
  
builder.Services.AddControllers();  
// Learn more about configuring Swagger/OpenAPI at https://aka.ms/aspnetcore/swashbuckle  
builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();  
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();  
  
var app = builder.Build();  
  
// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.  
app.UseSwagger();  
app.UseSwaggerUI();  
  



    
app.UseHttpsRedirection();  
  
app.UseAuthorization();  
  
app.MapControllers();  
  
app.Run();

业务容器化和 NGINX 入口配置

步骤1：

为产品和用户服务添加 docker 映像。

产品服务

# Use the official .NET Core SDK as a parent image
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0 AS build
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the project file and restore any dependencies (use .csproj for the project name)
COPY *.csproj ./
RUN dotnet restore

# Copy the rest of the application code
COPY . .

# Publish the application
RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out

# Build the runtime image
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:8.0 AS runtime
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app/out ./

# Expose the port your application will run on
EXPOSE 80

# Start the application
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "ProductAPI.dll"]

用户服务

# Use the official .NET Core SDK as a parent image
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0 AS build
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the project file and restore any dependencies (use .csproj for the project name)
COPY *.csproj ./
RUN dotnet restore

# Copy the rest of the application code
COPY . .

# Publish the application
RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out

# Build the runtime image
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:8.0 AS runtime
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app/out ./

# Expose the port your application will run on
EXPOSE 80

# Start the application
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "UserAPI.dll"]

步骤2：

构建 Docker 镜像。

docker build -t product-api 中。

docker build -t user-api 中。

步骤3：

为 Kubernetes 创建部署、服务和入口 YAML 文件。

部署

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: product-app-deployment  # Name of the deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: product-app  # Label selector to match pods controlled by this deployment
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: product-app  # Labels applied to pods created by this deployment
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: product-app  # Name of the container



    
          image: product-api:latest  # Docker image to use
          imagePullPolicy: Never
          ports:
          - containerPort: 80  # Port to expose within the pod

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: user-app-deployment  # Name of the deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: user-app  # Label selector to match pods controlled by this deployment
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: user-app  # Labels applied to pods created by this deployment
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: user-app  # Name of the container
          image: user-api:latest  # Docker image to use
          imagePullPolicy: Never
          ports:
          - containerPort: 80  # Port to expose within the pod

服务业

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: product-app-service  # Name of the service
spec:
  selector:
    app: product-app  # Label selector to target pods with this label
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8081
      targetPort: 8080
  type: NodePort  # Type of service (other options include ClusterIP, LoadBalancer, etc.)

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: user-app-service  # Name of the service
spec:
  selector:
    app: user-app  # Label selector to target pods with this label
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8082
      targetPort: 8080
  type: NodePort  # Type of service (other options include ClusterIP, LoadBalancer, etc.)

入口

首先，您需要在 Kubernetes 集群上安装 Ingress。

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/main/deploy/static/provider/cloud/deploy.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: demo-ingress
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - host: ingress.demo.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /products
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: product-app-service



    
            port:
              number: 8081
      - path: /users
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: user-app-service
            port:
              number: 8082